Hoʻopaʻa Needle i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻuala
ʻO ka wehewehe pōkole:
1) Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka nila a me ka paipu hōʻiliʻili koko.
2) Ma hope o ka sterilization, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻohana i ka huahana ma mua o ka lā pau.
3) He huahana hoʻokahi. Mai hoʻohana ia no ka lua o ka manawa.
4) No kou olakino, mai hoʻohana i ka lancet koko like me kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala o In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) a me ka embryo transfer (ET) i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1890 i ka wā ʻo Walter Heape he polopeka a kauka hoʻi ma ke Kulanui o Cambridge, ʻEnelani, nāna i alakaʻi i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana i nā ʻano holoholona. , ua hōʻike ʻia ka hihia mua i ʻike ʻia o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka embryo i nā lapeti, ma mua o ka manawa i manaʻo ʻia ai nā noi no ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka.
I ka makahiki 1932, ua paʻi ʻia ka 'Brave New World' e Aldous Huxley.I loko o kēia puke moʻolelo ʻepekema, ua wehewehe maoli ʻo Huxley i ke ʻano o IVF e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai.ʻElima mau makahiki ma hope mai i ka makahiki 1937, ua puka mai kahi mea hoʻoponopono ma ka New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM 1937, 21 ʻOkakopa) he mea kūpono ia.
"ʻO ka manaʻo i loko o ke aniani kiaʻi: ʻO ka 'Brave New World' o Aldous Huxley ke kokoke loa i ka ʻike. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Pincus lāua ʻo Enzmann i hoʻokahi ʻanuʻu ma mua me ka rabbit, hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ovum, hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ia i loko o ke aniani wati a hoʻokomo hou i loko o kahi doe ʻē aʻe. ma mua o ka mea nāna i hoʻolako i ka oocyte a pēlā i hoʻomaka maikaʻi ai i ka hāpai ʻana i ka holoholona male ʻole.
Ma 1934 Pincus lāua ʻo Enzmann, mai ka Laboratory of General Physiology ma ke Kulanui ʻo Harvard, i paʻi i kahi pepa ma ka Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, e hoʻonui ana i ka hiki ke loaʻa nā hua mammalian i ka ulu maʻamau in vitro.He ʻumikūmāhā mau makahiki ma hope mai, i ka makahiki 1948, ua kiʻi hou ʻo Miriama Menken lāua ʻo John Rock ma mua o 800 oocytes mai nā wahine i ka wā o ka hana ʻana no nā kūlana like ʻole.Hoʻokahi haneli kanakolukumamāwalu o kēia mau oocytes i hōʻike ʻia i ka spermatozoa in vitro.I ka makahiki 1948, ua paʻi lākou i kā lākou mau ʻike ma ka American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka makahiki 1959 i loaʻa ai nā hōʻike hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻole o IVF e Chang (Chang MC, Fertilization of rabbit ova in vitro. Nature, 1959 8:184 (suul 7) 466) ʻo ia ka mea mua i hoʻokō i ka hānau ʻana ma kahi mammal ( he rabbit) na IVF.Ua hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā hua manu hou, in vitro ma ka hoʻoulu ʻana me ka sperm capacitated i loko o kahi pahu Carrel liʻiliʻi no 4 mau hola, pēlā e wehe ai i ke ala e kōkua ai i ka hānau ʻana.
