IʻO ka awelika kāne kāne makua aia ma kahi o 5 mau kuata (4.75 lita) o ke koko, i haku ʻia ma kahi o 3 kuata (2.85 lita) o ka plasma a me 2 kuata (1.9 lita) o nā cell.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā keʻena koko i loko o ka plasma, kahi i hana ʻia me ka wai a me nā mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, me nā hormones, antibodies, a me nā enzyme e lawe ʻia ana i nā ʻiʻo, a me nā huahana ʻōpala e lawe ʻia ana i nā māmā a me nā puʻupaʻa.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā keʻena koko nui ma ke ʻano he ʻulaʻula (erythrocytes), nā keʻokeʻo (leukocytes), a me nā platelets (thrombocytes).
ʻO nā ʻulaʻula he mau kino palupalu, poepoe, concave i loaʻa ka hemoglobin, ka mea paʻakikī e lawe i ka oxygen a me ke kalapona kalapona.
Hana ʻia ka hemolysis i ka wā i haki ʻia ai ka membrane pale lahilahi e hoʻopaʻa ana i nā ʻulaʻula palupalu, e ʻae ana i ka hemo ʻana o ka hemoglobin i loko o ka plasma.Hiki ke hana ʻia ka hemolysis ma muli o ka lawelawe ʻana i ke koko, waiho ʻia ka tourniquet i ka lōʻihi loa (no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke koko) a i ʻole ke ʻomi ʻana i ka piko o ka manamana lima i ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili capillary, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea haumia, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, a i ʻole nā kūlana pathologic.
ʻO ke kumu nui o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e hakakā i ka maʻi.I loko o kahi kanaka olakino, pane nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i nā maʻi liʻiliʻi ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka helu a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pathogens.He mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ʻo Platelets o nā pūnaewele kūikawā e kōkua i ka hoʻopili koko.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka plasma a i ʻole ka serum mai ke koko e ka centrifugation.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka plasma a me ka serum ʻo ia ka plasma e paʻa ai i ka fibrinogen (ke ʻāpana clotting), kahi i wehe ʻia mai ka serum.
Loaʻa ʻia ka serum mai ke koko i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻaʻole i hui pū ʻia me kahi anticoagulant (he mea kemika e pale ai i ke koko koko).Hoʻopili ʻia kēia koko i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e hāʻawi ana i ka serum, aia nā ʻano protein ʻelua: albumin a me globulin.Hōʻiliʻili pinepine ʻia ka serum i loko o nā paipu ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula/hina, gula, a i ʻole cherry ʻulaʻula luna, a hoʻohana ʻia nā paipu ʻulaʻula-luna i kekahi manawa.
Loaʻa ka plasma mai ke koko i hui pū ʻia me kahi anticoagulant i loko o ka paipu hōʻiliʻili a, no laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.A laila hiki ke centrifuged ʻia kēia koko i hui ʻia, e hāʻawi ana i ka plasma, kahi albumin, globulin, a me fibrinogen.
Nui nā kumu coagulation (factor VIII, factor IX, etc) i pili i ke koko.Hoʻopilikia kekahi mau ʻano anticoagulants i ka hana o kēia mau mea e pale ai i ka clotting.Pono paha nā anticoagulants a me nā preservatives no nā specimen plasma.Pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka anticoagulant a i ʻole preservative no ka hoʻāʻo i kauoha ʻia.Ua koho ʻia ke kemika no ka mālama ʻana i kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ka specimen a e hana pū me ke ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻāʻo.ʻO ke koko i hōʻiliʻili ʻia me hoʻokahi anticoagulant kūpono no ka hoʻāʻo i wehewehe ʻia ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he kūpono no nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe.No ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā mea hoʻohui, pono e nīnau i ke kahua koi specimen o nā wehewehe hoʻāʻo pākahi e hoʻoholo i nā koi hōʻiliʻili kūpono no ka hoʻāʻo i kauoha ʻia.
